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Reynolds stress model (RSM)

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<math>\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}</math> , is usually anisotropic. The
<math>\rho\overline{u'_iu'_j}</math> , is usually anisotropic. The
second and third invariances of the Reynolds-stress anisotropic
second and third invariances of the Reynolds-stress anisotropic
-
tensor, <math>\overline{u'_iu'_j}/2K-\delta_{ij} /3 </math>, are
+
tensor <math>b_{ij}</math> are nontrivial, where
-
nontrivial. It is naturally to suppose that the anisotropy of the
+
<math>b_{ij}=\overline{u'_iu'_j}/2k-\delta_{ij} /3 </math> and
-
Reynolds-stress tensor results from the anisotropy of turbulent
+
<math>k = \overline{u'_iu'_i}/2</math>. It is naturally to suppose
-
production, dissipation, transport, pressure-stain-rate, and the
+
that the anisotropy of the Reynolds-stress tensor results from the
-
viscous diffusive tensors. The Reynolds-stress tensor returns to
+
anisotropy of turbulent production, dissipation, transport,
-
isotropy when the anisotropy of these turbulent components return to
+
pressure-stain-rate, and the viscous diffusive tensors. The
-
isotropy. Such a correlation is described by the Reynolds stress
+
Reynolds-stress tensor returns to isotropy when the anisotropy of
-
transport equation. Based on these consideration, a number of
+
these turbulent components return to isotropy. Such a correlation is
-
turbulent models, such as Rotta's model and Lumley's
+
described by the Reynolds stress transport equation. Based on these
-
return-to-isotropy model, have been established.
+
consideration, a number of turbulent models, such as Rotta's model
 +
and Lumley's return-to-isotropy model, have been established.
Rotta's model describes the linear return-to-isotropy behavior of a
Rotta's model describes the linear return-to-isotropy behavior of a
Line 80: Line 81:
negligible. The turbulence dissipation and slow pressure-strain-rate
negligible. The turbulence dissipation and slow pressure-strain-rate
are preponderant. Under these cirsumstance, Rotta suggested <center>
are preponderant. Under these cirsumstance, Rotta suggested <center>
-
<math>
+
<math> \frac{d b_{ij}}/{dt}=-(C_{R}-1) \frac{\varepsilon}{k}
 +
b_{ij}</math> </center>. Here, <math>C_{R}</math> is called Rotta constant.
== Model constants ==
== Model constants ==

Revision as of 02:27, 27 May 2007

Contents

Introduction

The Reynold's stress model (RSM) is a higher level, elaborate turbulence model. It is usually called a Second Order Closure. This modelling approach originates from the work by [Launder (1975)]. In RSM, the eddy viscosity approach has been discarded and the Reynolds stresses are directly computed. The exact Reynolds stress transport equation accounts for the directional effects of the Reynolds stress fields.

Equations

The Reynolds stress model involves calculation of the individual Reynolds stresses, \rho\overline{u'_iu'_j} , using differential transport equations. The individual Reynolds stresses are then used to obtain closure of the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation.

The exact transport equations for the transport of the Reynolds stresses, \overline{u'_iu'_j} , may be written as follows:


\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\rho \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_{k}}\left(\rho u_{k} \overline{u'_iu'_j}\right) = - \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[\rho \overline{u'_iu'_ju'_k} + \overline{p\left(\delta_{kj}u'_i + \delta_{ik}u'_j\right)}\right]



 + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left[{\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}\left(\overline{u'_iu'_j}\right)}\right] - \rho\left(\overline{u'_iu'_k}\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_k}+\overline{u'_ju'_k}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_k}\right) - \rho\beta\left(g_i\overline{u'_j\theta}+g_j\overline{u'_i\theta}\right)



+ \overline{p\left(\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_i}\right)} - 2\mu\overline{\frac{\partial u'_i}{\partial x_k} \frac{\partial u'_j}{\partial x_k}}



-2\rho\Omega_k\left(\overline{u'_ju'_m}\epsilon_{ikm} + \overline{u'_iu'_m}\epsilon_{jkm}\right) + S_{user}

or

Local Time Derivate + C_{ij} = D_{T,ij} + D_{L,ij} + P_{ij} + G_{ij} + \phi_{ij} - \epsilon_{ij} + F_{ij} + User-Defined Source Term

where C_{ij} is the Convection-Term, D_{T,ij} equals the Turbulent Diffusion, D_{L,ij} stands for the Molecular Diffusion, P_{ij} is the term for Stress Production, G_{ij} equals Buoyancy Production, \phi_{ij} is for the Pressure Strain, \epsilon_{ij} stands for the Dissipation and F_{ij} is the Production by System Rotation.

Of these terms, C_{ij}, D_{L,ij}, P_{ij}, and F_{ij} do not require modeling. After all, D_{T,ij}, G_{ij}, \phi_{ij}, and \epsilon_{ij} have to be modeled for closing the equations.

Modeling Turbulent Diffusive Transport

Modeling the Pressure-Strain Term

Effects of Buoyancy on Turbulence

Modeling the Turbulence Kinetic Energy

Modeling the Dissipation Rate

Modeling the Turbulent Viscosity

Boundary Conditions for the Reynolds Stresses

Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling

Return-to-isotropy models

For an anisotropic turbulence, the Reynolds stress tensor, \rho\overline{u'_iu'_j} , is usually anisotropic. The second and third invariances of the Reynolds-stress anisotropic tensor b_{ij} are nontrivial, where b_{ij}=\overline{u'_iu'_j}/2k-\delta_{ij} /3 and k = \overline{u'_iu'_i}/2. It is naturally to suppose that the anisotropy of the Reynolds-stress tensor results from the anisotropy of turbulent production, dissipation, transport, pressure-stain-rate, and the viscous diffusive tensors. The Reynolds-stress tensor returns to isotropy when the anisotropy of these turbulent components return to isotropy. Such a correlation is described by the Reynolds stress transport equation. Based on these consideration, a number of turbulent models, such as Rotta's model and Lumley's return-to-isotropy model, have been established.

Rotta's model describes the linear return-to-isotropy behavior of a low Reynolds number homogenous turbulence in which the turbulent production, transport, and rapid pressure-strain-rate are negligible. The turbulence dissipation and slow pressure-strain-rate

are preponderant. Under these cirsumstance, Rotta suggested
 \frac{d b_{ij}}/{dt}=-(C_{R}-1) \frac{\varepsilon}{k}
b_{ij}
. Here, C_{R} is called Rotta constant.

Model constants

The constants suggested for use in this model are as follows:

C_s \approx 0.25, C_l \approx 0.25, C_\gamma \approx 0.25

Model variants

Performance, applicability and limitations

Implementation issues

References

Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W. (1975), "Progress in the Development of a Reynolds-Stress Turbulent Closure.", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 68(3), pp. 537-566.


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