Glass industry
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CFD in glass industry
CFD has a long tradition in glass industry. The measurement of flow quantities is very difficult and therefore simulation greatly helps to understand, evaluate and optimize all applicable processing steps.
Process steps in the glass industry
Typical process steps in the glass industry are
- melting
- distribution
- homogenization
- stirring the glass in special homogenization systems
- conditioning
- hot forming
- blowing, pressing, rolling, casting, drawing, floating, spinning, ...
The hot end of a glassworks is where the molten glass is formed, beginning when the batch is fed at a slow controlled rate into the furnace. The furnaces are natural gas or fuel oil fired and operate at temperatures up to 1700°C. The temperature is limited by the quality of the furnace superstructure material and by the glass composition.The molten glass flows from a subducted channel known as the furnace throat into the refiner and forehearth channels. These channels transport the glass to the glass forming area. These channels cool the glass very precisely so that the glass at the forming area is of a uniform and exact temperature.
Forming process
Depending on the final product a huge number of forming processes are known. For example for glass container currently two primary methods exist - the blow and blow method and the press and blow method. Various processes are available to produces thin flat glass sheets (Floating, Rolling, Overflow-Fusion, FOURCAULT drawing, ASAHI drawing, PITTSBURGH process, Down-Draw process). Depending on the product specifications each process has its pros and cons.
External Links
Small articles could be found to each production step at
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